All tests have been realized in accordance with the standard test procedures: IEC 60156, IEC 60245 and IEC 61125. In order to determine mainly the breakdown voltage and the electrical field intensity of electro-convection, oils insulating should be mixed in precise amounts. This work presents an experimental study to compare between the physicochemical characteristics of mineral oil, olive oil, sunflower oil and different oil mixtures. However, their low fire safety and low biodegradability potential have made it necessary to look for other insulating liquids as an alternative to this mineral oil used in high voltage electrical equipment. We’ll discuss ZDDP in more detail in the Additives section.Because of their availability and low cost, mineral oils have been widely used for a long time in power transformers to allow their insulation and cooling. ZDDP isĪlso the most well-known additive, as it is both erroneously vilified for ruining catalytic converters and O2 sensors, and celebrated for keeping flat-tappet engines alive. Zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP) has been used for years as an affordable anti-wear, extreme-pressure, antioxidant additive.They are especially needed in Group III and Group IV oils, which are known Seal conditioners are esters that keep seals pliable.Rust/corrosion inhibitors attach to, and protect, engine metals like iron from acid-, oxygen-, and water-based corrosion.PPDs aren’t usually needed in PAO- and ester-based oils, as they don’t contain wax. Pour-point depressants keep the trace amounts of paraffins in oil from growing crystals.Inorganic Friction modifiers are molybdenum compounds. Organic friction modifiers are typically esters or glycerol mono-oleates (GMO). Friction modifiers are molecules that, thanks to their polarity, attach to an engine’s metal surfaces to improve lubricity.Not surprisingly, they’re one of the main components of a DI pack. As those pieces would otherwise end up as engine sludge, dispersants are kind of a big deal. Dispersants suspend and disperse the solid pieces left over from the combustion of fuel.Diluent oil, or carrier oil, is a mineral oil that helps the solubility of the additives, and ensures that the viscosity is in the correct range for pumping and blending.Common metal atoms used include calcium, magnesium, and sodium common organic products include salicylates, sulfonates, and phenates. Detergents are metals and organic chemicals that clean engine deposits and neutralize acid byproducts from combustion.Antioxidants like amines and phenolics help fight oxidation, a reactive process that can create carbon deposits in an engine.Anti-foams are non-soluble silicone molecules that help prevent oil from foaming, and also help disperse foam that’s already formed.
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